Football

Material: The outer cover is usually made from synthetic leather, which can be polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PU is more commonly used for professional-grade footballs due to its superior durability, softer feel, and better performance characteristics, such as grip and control. PVC is often used for practice or recreational footballs due to its cost-effectiveness and resistance to wear and tear.
High-quality footballs are traditionally hand-stitched using polyester or kevlar-reinforced thread, which provides excellent durability and seam strength. Machine-stitched footballs use synthetic threads, which may not be as durable but are suitable for mass production.